過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法
(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束,即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如:
When I woke up,it had stopped raining.我醒來(lái)時(shí),雨已經(jīng)停了。(“雨停”發(fā)生在“我醒來(lái)”之前)
(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如:
He told me that he had written a new book.他告訴我他寫了一本新書(shū)。(“寫書(shū)”發(fā)生在“告訴我”之前)
(3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與already,yet,still,just,before,never等時(shí)間副詞及 by,before,until等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如:
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.彼得到10歲的時(shí)候已經(jīng)收集了300多張中國(guó)郵票。
(4)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到某一過(guò)去時(shí)間,而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束,仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如:
By the end of last year,he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底為止,他已經(jīng)在這個(gè)工廠工作了20年。(已經(jīng)工作了 20 年,還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能)