不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別
一、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別
主要區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞與修飾的主語為主動關(guān)系，過去分詞與修飾的主語是被動的關(guān)系。
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
（2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作和句子的主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
二、動詞不定式和分詞做狀語的區(qū)別
（1）分詞常常表示為伴隨，而動詞不定式表示目的。
They stood by the roadside taking about the plan. //分詞表示伴隨
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan. //不定式表示目的
（2）分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。
Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch. //分詞表示原因
Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. //分詞表示時間
Reading carefully, you'll learn something new. //分詞表示條件
His family was too poor to support him. //不定式表結(jié)果
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book. //不定式表示結(jié)果
We are glad to hear the news. //不定式表示原因\
三、下面句型是不定式做狀語時候應(yīng)該注意的：
（1）not/ never too...to/ too...not to, but/ only too..to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to表示肯定意義。
（2）做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find,hear,see,be told,form,give,make,produce等。
（3）不定式作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語。