must的用法
表示義務(wù)、意圖或建議:必須,應(yīng)該
I must leave at six today. 我今天必須六點(diǎn)鐘離開。
I must write a letter to the head teacher. 我非得給校長(zhǎng)寫封信不可。(強(qiáng)烈意圖)
You must go and see that film——you'd really enjoy it. 你得去看看那部電影,你會(huì)真的喜歡它的。(提建議)
表示推測(cè):必定,一定
The light is still on, so he must be at home. 燈還是亮的,他一定在家。
The light was out. They must have gone to bed. 燈都熄了,他們必定睡了。
注意:1. must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能) ,因?yàn)閙ust只用于肯定句,語氣很強(qiáng)。2. 若對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)用must have加過去分詞。
表示主張:硬要,一定要
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你堅(jiān)持要走,至少也要等雨停了再走。
The machine must break down at this busy hour. 正忙的時(shí)候機(jī)器偏偏壞了。
表示不可避免性:必然要,必定會(huì)
All men must die. 人總有一死。
must與have to的比較
must與have to都可以表示“必須”,其區(qū)別如下:
(1) must 強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上認(rèn)為“必須”做某事,而have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上要求“不得不”做某事。如:
You have to wear uniform on duty, don't you?你在值班時(shí)必須穿制服,是嗎?
(2) have to較must有更多的時(shí)態(tài),如過去式和將來時(shí)就要用had to與will have to。
Yesterday morning I have to call on a friend. 昨天早上我必須要去探訪一個(gè)朋友。(不用must)
但在間接引語里卻往往用must。如:
Yesterday morning I told my father that I must call on a friend. 昨天早上我告訴父親,我必須要探訪一個(gè)朋友。
(3) have to有非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,但must沒有。如:
I hate having to get up so early. 我討厭這第早就得起床。
(4) 在回答must引起的問句時(shí),如果是否定的答復(fù),可用don't have to或needn't(不必) ,但不能用mustn't(一定不,必須不,不允許,不得) 。如:
—Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必須馬上打掃餐廳嗎?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必須馬上打掃。
—No, you don't have to (=needn't) . 不必啦。
You mustn't smoke in the office. 你不得在辦公室抽煙。