There be 句型的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法

There be句型是一種應用十分廣泛和頻繁的句型。但是對there be句型的多變的特點及其特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜性，并不是每個考生都熟悉了解。在大學英語四級考試題中也常常遇到這一句型結(jié)構(gòu)的試題。

例如： Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon．（CET-4，1998．6-43）

A）there to be a chance

B）there being a chance

C）there be a chance

D）being a chance 該題的答案為B）。

動詞 dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，更準確地講是介詞of后要求跟 V-ing 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，there being a chance意為"有一個機會"；A）和C）兩項均不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)的要求，所以不是答案選項，而D）項 being a chance 雖然是 V-ing 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，但語義不通，故不能用。

又如： No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day．（CET-4，2001．1-66）

A）there be?B）there would be C）there was?D）there being

該題的答案為D）。介詞 about 后要求跟 V-ing 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，there being（a lecture）意為"有（一個講座）"，而A）、B）和C）項內(nèi)容均不符合結(jié)構(gòu)要求，故不能雪?再如：

It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．（CET-4，1995．1）

該句子中出現(xiàn)了for there to be 的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果按照上一題的解題思路去理解：介詞后要求跟 V-ing 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，那么，這一結(jié)構(gòu)似乎是錯的；但是，實際上此結(jié)構(gòu)沒有錯，此處只能夠用 for there to be，而不能用 there being。為什么呢？這就是本文想要解答的問題：there be 句型的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法。筆者將 there be 句型的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法進行歸納、總結(jié)如下，供讀者參考。

一、there be句型與各種情態(tài)動詞連用。

例如： There must be something wrong here．

There might still be some vacant seats in the rear．

There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking．

二、there be句型中的謂語動詞be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem（to be）， occur等代替，用來描寫事物。例如：

There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for．

There happened to be nobody in the room．

There doesn't seem to be much hope of our beating that team ．

There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are．

There have occurred many great changes since we met last．

三、there be 句型中的謂語動詞be被一些不及物動詞代替，如 live，stand，exist，remain等，用來表示"靜止、存在、有"。例如：

There lives a family of five in the village．

There remains nothing more to be done．

There stands the Monument to the People's Heroes at the center of the Tian'anmen Square．

There exist different opinions on this question．

四、there be 句型中的謂語動詞be被一些不及物動詞代替，如 come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用來表示"突然出現(xiàn)"。例如：

There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet．

There came a company of actors and actresses．

There followed a spirited discussion after class．

五、there be句型中be用不定式，形成"（for）there to be ＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"有"或"存在（某種情況）"，在"（for）there to be ＋賓格詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是賓格詞。這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作邏輯賓語、狀語和主語。

1．"there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中作賓語。例如：

The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams．

"there to be ＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作動詞expect的賓語，句中的賓格詞m ore review- ing classes作"there to be"不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語。特別應該注意的是there后的不定式只能用"to be"的形式，因為這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是從"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。又如：

People don't want there to be anotherwar．

Members like there to be plenty of choice．

Perhaps transportation and the means of comm unication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities．

It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．

"there to be ＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作介詞for的賓語，句中的賓格詞an ensemble of expert musicians 作"there to be"不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語。

2．"for there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中作狀語。例如：

It isn't cold enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim 's car out quite safely．（"for there to be ＋賓格詞"作結(jié)果狀語）

特別應該注意的是，"for there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中作狀語時必須用介詞 for引出 there be 后面的賓格詞。又如：

For there to be successful communication， there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussing itself by all present．（"for there to be ＋賓格詞"作目的狀語）

They planned for there to be another meeting．（"for there to be ＋賓格詞"作目的狀語）

3．"there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中作主語。例如：

It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company． 特別應該注意的是， "for there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中作主語時必須用介詞for引出 there be后面的賓格詞。又如：

It is impossible for there to be any more apples．

For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual．

六、there be句型中be用V －ing分詞，形成"（of）there being ＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"有"或"存在（某種情況）"，在"（of）there be- ing ＋賓格詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是賓格詞。

1．"there being ＋賓格詞"在句中作賓語。例如：

Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talent's meeting？（"there being ＋賓格詞"作賓語）

"there being ＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作介詞of的賓語，句中的賓格詞so m any work u- nits作"there being"V-ing分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語。又如：

No one had told him anything about there being a beautiful story about the lake． John was relying on there being another opportunity．

2．"there being ＋賓格詞"在句中作狀語。例如：

There being no cause for alarm ，she went back to her bedroom．（"there being ＋賓格詞"作原因狀語）

"there being ＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，句中的賓格詞no cause作"there being" V-ing分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語。又如：

There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director，the department asked him to resign．（"there being ＋賓格詞"作原因狀語）

There being nothing to be done，they have to go back home．（"there being ＋賓格詞"作原因狀語）

There being no further business，the chairm an closed the meeting．（"there being ＋賓格詞"作原因狀語）

3．"there being ＋賓格詞"在句中作主 語。例如：

There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage．

"there being ＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語，句中的賓格詞a bus stop作"there being" V-ing分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語。

七、there be 句型中 be 用 be ＋V-ed 分詞，形成"there be ＋V-ed分詞＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"有"或"存在（某種情況）"，在"there be ＋V-ed 分詞＋賓格詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是賓格詞。例如：

There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboard．

There are now published millions of books every year in China．

There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai．

八、"there be no ＋主語名詞"的習慣用法。

1．V-ing分詞在"there be no"結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，表示"不可能"、"無法"。例如：

There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing country．

There is no joking about such matters．

There is no telling what will happen to him next．

2．there is no point ＋V-ing分詞，表示"沒有必要"，"無用"，"沒有意義"，"沒有用處"。例如：

We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club，but thereis no point worrying about it．

3．there is no use ＋V-ing分詞，表示"無用"，"沒有意義"，"沒有用處"。例如：

There is no use advising him to give up smoking．

4．there is no good ＋V-ing分詞，表示"無用"，"沒有意義"，"沒有用處"，"沒有益處"。例如：

There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool．

九、在由"there be ＋主語名詞"引起的句子中，修飾主語的情況。

1．在由"there be ＋主語名詞"引起的句子中，用來修飾主語的不定式可以用被動形式，也可以用主動形式。例如：

There is no time to lose ／to be lost．

There are still many things to take care of ／to be taken care of． 在口語中多用主動形式。但是有時候兩種形式可能表示不同的意思。試比較：

There is nothing to do now．（We have nothing to do now．）

There is nothing to be done now．（We can do nothing now．）

There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing）．

There is nothing to be seen（nothing there at all）．

2．在由"there be ＋主語名詞"引起的句子中，用來修飾主語的分詞或分詞短語在意思上相當于一個定語從句。例如：

There were 200children studying（＝who were studying）m usic，dancing，or dram atics．

Is there anything planned（＝that has been planned）for tonight？