英語介詞的九類賓語
一、名詞或代詞作介詞賓語
Are you interested in history? 你對(duì)歷史感興趣嗎？
Don't worry about it. 別為它擔(dān)心。
【說明】若是人稱代詞用作介詞賓語，要注意用賓格。如：
No one can sing like her. 沒有人能像她那樣唱歌。(不能用like she)
二、動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語
He is good at telling stories. 他善于講故事。
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿過馬路時(shí)被汽車撞倒。
三、過去分詞作介詞賓語
We can't regard the matter as settled. 我們不能認(rèn)為這事已經(jīng)解決。
I take it for granted you have read the book. 我以為你讀過這本書。
【說明】過去分詞用作介詞賓語通常只見于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，如上面第1句涉及regard…as(認(rèn)為…是)結(jié)構(gòu)，第2句涉及take sth for granted(認(rèn)為某事屬實(shí))。在其他情況下，介詞后通常不直接跟過去分詞作賓語，若語義上需要接過去分詞(表被動(dòng))，可換用“being+過去分詞”：
He went out without being seen by the others. 他出去了，沒有被其他人看見。
三、從句作介詞賓語
He was not satisfied with what she said. 他對(duì)她說的不滿意。
I'm worried about where he is. 我擔(dān)心他上哪兒去了。
【說明】介詞后通常不接that從句，遇此情況需考慮用其他結(jié)構(gòu)：
誤：He paid no attention to that she was poor.
正：He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor. 他根本不注意她很窮這一事實(shí)。
但有個(gè)別介詞(如except)可接that從句。比較：I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. / I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁,其它的就不知道了。
四、不定式作介詞賓語
I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我沒有別的選擇。
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那兒。
They did nothing but complain. 他們老是一個(gè)勁地抱怨。
He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看電視，他從不干任何事。
【說明】1.介詞后接不定式的情形通常只見于but, except等極個(gè)別詞。該不定式有時(shí)帶 to，有時(shí)不帶 to，其區(qū)別是：若其前出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞 do，其后的不定式通常不帶 to；若其前沒有出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞 do，則其后的不定式通常帶 to。
2. 介詞后雖然通常不直接跟不定式作賓語，但卻可接“連接代詞(副詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)：
He gave me some advice on how to do it. 對(duì)于如何做這事他給我提了些建議。
五、形容詞作介詞賓語
Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的語音遠(yuǎn)不是完美的。
In short, we must be prepared. 總而言之，我們要有準(zhǔn)備。
Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情越來越糟。
【說明】1. 有些形容詞用作介詞賓語可視為其前省略了動(dòng)名詞being：
He regarded the situation as (being) serious. 他認(rèn)為形勢(shì)嚴(yán)重。
His work is far from (being) satisfactory. 他的工作絲毫不令人滿意。
2. 有些“介詞+形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)已構(gòu)成固定搭配(也有的詞典認(rèn)為此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞為名詞)：
in full 全部地，全面地，無省略地 in private 私下地，秘密地
in particular 特別地 in general 一般地，通常地，概括地
in brief 簡言之 in short 總之，簡言之
in vain 徒然地，徒勞無益地 for fee 免費(fèi)地，無償?shù)?/p>
for certain 肯定地，確切地 for sure 肯定地，確切地
for short 為了簡短，簡稱 at large 自由自在地，逍遙法外
by far …得多，最最
六、副詞作介詞賓語
I can't stay for long. 我不能久呆。
It's too hot in here. 這里面太熱了。
I looked everywhere except there. 除了那兒，我到處都看過了。
七、數(shù)詞作介詞賓語
The city has a population of four million. 這座城市有四百萬人口。
He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。
Thy account for one-sixth of the population. 他們占人口的六分之一。
八、介詞短語作介詞賓語
Choose a book from among these. 從這些書中選一本吧。
I saw her from across the street. 我從街的對(duì)面望見了她。
He has known her since before the war. 自戰(zhàn)前開始他就認(rèn)識(shí)她。
We've decided to go on foot instead of by bus. 我們決定步行去而不乘車去。
【說明】通常可后接介詞短語作賓語的介詞是 from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。比較：
I took it from the bed. 我從床那兒(或床上)拿的。
I took it from under the bed. 我從床下拿的。
He didn't arrive there till [until] midnight. 直到半夜他才到達(dá)那兒。
He didn't arrive there till [until] after midnight. 半夜過后他才到達(dá)那兒。
九、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作介詞賓語
She had no objection to Mary marrying him. 她不反對(duì)瑪麗與他結(jié)婚。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。