英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全-8. 特殊詞精講
8.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。
I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。
典型例題
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來(lái)在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。
8.2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來(lái)。 (to come動(dòng)作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.
而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。
8.3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?
8.4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾。 (未做)regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。 (已做)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.
我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。
典型例題
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對(duì)已說(shuō)的話感到后悔，因此選D。
8.5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。cease doing 短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。
That department has ceased to exist forever.
那個(gè)部門(mén)已不復(fù)存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.
姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^(guò)時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。
8.6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。
You must try to be more careful.
你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。
8.7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.
做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)
8.8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為"怕"；be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的，意為"生怕，恐怕"。
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
8.9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 對(duì)做某事感興趣，想了解某事。interested in doing 對(duì)某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。
I shall be interested to know what happens.
我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。 (想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我對(duì)在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過(guò)這事嗎? (一種想法)
8.10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想mean doing 意味著
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。
8.11 begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth.
1) 談及一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)或開(kāi)始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
你幾歲時(shí)開(kāi)始彈鋼琴？
2) begin, start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry。
我開(kāi)始生起氣來(lái)。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我開(kāi)始明白真相。
4) 物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)
It began to melt.
8.12 感官動(dòng)詞 + doing/to do
感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見(jiàn)了"這個(gè)事實(shí))
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見(jiàn)他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）
昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。
典型例題
1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A。因題意為，他們看著她長(zhǎng)大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，而非正在長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型。