后綴-ia = 疾病名稱,動(dòng)植物名稱及類別,抽象與集合
①來源于希臘語,一般構(gòu)成醫(yī)學(xué)名詞,表示“疾病、病態(tài)”;②來源于拉丁語,一般構(gòu)成“植物及動(dòng)物分類的名稱”;③屬于復(fù)合后綴,由元音字母 i + -a 組合而成。
另外,①后綴-ia 也可表示“傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日名”,如:Dionysia 狂歡節(jié),酒神節(jié);②它是與單數(shù)后綴 -ium 相對(duì)應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)后綴,如:medium( 單 )/media( 復(fù) ) 中間物 / 媒介、bacterium(單 )/ bacteria(復(fù)) 細(xì)菌;當(dāng)然這里面的復(fù)數(shù)后綴亦可加 -s, 如:mediums。
英文詞源:
word-forming element in names of countries, diseases, flowers, from Latin and Greek -ia, which forms abstract nouns of feminine gender. In paraphernalia, Mammalia, etc. it represents the Latin and Greek plural suffix of nouns in -ium or -ion.
Chinese forms country names by adding guo "country" to the stressed syllable of the place name, hence Meiguo "America," from mei, the stressed syllable of America (minus -r-, which does not exist in Chinese). Similarly Yingguo "England," Faguo "France." Continent names are similarly formed, with zhou "continent" (such as Meizhou "America (continent)," Feizhou "Africa," Ouzhou "Europe").
此后綴有三種含義:
(1)表示“疾病名稱”
1.insomnia [in- 不,無 +
n.失眠,失眠癥
2.anaemia [
n.貧血病
3.mania [man 人 + -ia 名詞后綴→有病態(tài)的人 →]
n.瘋狂,狂熱,躁急狂
4.anoxia [an- 無,少 + ox 氧 + -ia 名詞后綴→]
n. 缺氧
(2)表示“動(dòng)植物名稱及類別”
1.camellia → 山茶
2.dahlia → 大麗花
3.begonia → 秋海棠
4.reptilia → 爬蟲類
(3)表示“抽象名詞與集合名詞”
1.utopia → 烏托邦
2.militia [
n.民兵組織,民兵
3.suburbia [sub 次 +
n.郊區(qū)居民 ( 總稱 )
4.battalia [battal =battle 戰(zhàn)斗 + -ia 名詞后綴→]
n. 戰(zhàn)斗的陣列