grind

音標發(fā)音

grind的基本意思是用摩擦的方法把刃磨銳、把平面磨光或把顆粒磨碎。引申可表示因摩擦而使之損耗,也可表示為達到目的或取得成功而采取粗暴的手段。
grind既可用作不及物動詞,也可用作及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,接簡單賓語,也可接雙賓語,其間接賓語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞for的賓語; 用作不及物動詞時,其主動形式常含有被動意義。
grind可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。
grind后接away, at可表示“苦干”“苦等”等。
grind的過去式和過去分詞均為ground。

(MAKE SMALLER) to make something into small pieces or a powder by pressing between hard surfaces
(RUB) to rub something against a hard surface, in order to make it sharper or smoother
(ACTIVITY) a difficult or boring activity that needs a lot of effort
(PERSON) a boring person who studies all the time and does nothing else

If you grind a substance such as corn, you crush it between two hard surfaces or with a machine until it becomes a fine powder.
Grind up means the same as . (grind)
If you grind something into a surface, you press and rub it hard into the surface using small circular or sideways movements.
If you grind your teeth, you rub your upper and lower teeth together as though you are chewing something.
If you grind something, you make it smooth or sharp by rubbing it against a hard surface.
If a vehicle grinds somewhere, it moves there very slowly and noisily.
The grind of a machine is the harsh, scraping noise that it makes, usually because it is old or is working too hard.
If you refer to routine tasks or activities as the grind, you mean they are boring and take up a lot of time and effort.
If a country's economy or something such as a process grinds to a halt, it gradually becomes slower or less active until it stops.
If a vehicle grinds to a halt, it stops slowly and noisily.