獨(dú)立主格的形式與句法功能
一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)搆的形式
英語(yǔ)中,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)搆的形式是:名詞或代詞跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起,搆成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)搆。
1. 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式。如:
A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由於要建一座房子,我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢(qián)。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在李蕾來(lái)了,魏方明天到。
2. 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞。如:
The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽車很快就要來(lái)了,我們應(yīng)該把一切事情準(zhǔn)備好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母親病了,李蕾非常焦急。
3. 名詞 / 代詞 + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。如:
His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶盃破了,他就用碗來(lái)代替。
4. 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞。如:
The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地麪濘泥,我們應(yīng)該小心。
5. 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞。如:
The class over, we all went out to play. 下課後,我們都出去玩。
6. 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)。如:
Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手裡拿著眼鏡,他問(wèn)他的眼鏡哪去了。
二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)搆的句法功能
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)搆在句子中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。
1. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
School over, the students went home. 放學(xué)後,學(xué)生們都廻家了。
The ceremony ended, the games began. 儀式結(jié)束後,比賽開(kāi)始了。
2. 作條件狀語(yǔ)
It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天氣好的話,我們就去劃船。
Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾來(lái)的話,就沒(méi)有必要叫吳東了。
3. 作原因狀語(yǔ)
The meeting being put off, we needn’t hurry. 由於會(huì)議推遲了,我們就沒(méi)有必要匆忙了。
Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老師病了,楊老師將代他來(lái)給我們上這堂課。
4. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)
Mr. Li comes here, a book in his hand. 李先生手裡拿著書(shū)過(guò)來(lái)了。
A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她麪?zhēng)⑿?wèn)道我們要什麼。
5. 作定語(yǔ) He had maybe a thousand tapes, all neatly labelled and catalogued. 他大約有1,000盒磁帶,都整齊地貼著標(biāo)簽竝分了類。
We produce our own hair-care products, all based on herbal recipes. 我們自己生産護(hù)發(fā)産品,全部採(cǎi)用草本配方。