主謂一致的用法
一、主謂一致三原則
主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。
1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。
They often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。
2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
My family are having lunch now.
我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
這本書20美元太貴了。
3. 就近一致：指謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。
二、 主謂一致?？碱}型
1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The desk is Tom's. 這張桌子是湯姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。
2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過上海。
3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。
4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長假。
Twenty pounds isn't so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。
Ten miles isn't a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。
Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。
5. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。
7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
To see is to believe 眼見為實(shí)。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。
9. 當(dāng)主語部分(主語是單數(shù)時(shí))含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。
Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
10. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)
A knife and fork is on the table.
11. people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
People here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。
His family isn't large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。
12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，
Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。
Neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。
14. 以—s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等，
No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。
15. 由both…and…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or, either…or…，neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞形式。
Either my wife or I am going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.