常用介詞用法比較
(1)as , like
as 表示"作為"強(qiáng)調(diào)身份，like (介詞)表示"像"
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
(2)with , in
with 表示"外貌特征或附帶的東西" ," 用……作工具"
in 表示"衣著" "用某語(yǔ)言", 在固定搭配中也可用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
(3)for , to
for表示"為了."
To 表示動(dòng)作對(duì)象, "對(duì), 向." 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你對(duì)我父親提起過(guò)這件事嗎?
for 表示"就某情況而說(shuō) ", to 表示一"對(duì)某對(duì)象而言"如：
It's quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me
他剛才對(duì)你所說(shuō)的話(huà)對(duì)我并不新鮮
for 表示"目的,用途"。與go, come 動(dòng)詞連用
(4)except , besides
except 表示"從總體中排除一部分", 與bat 同義， besides 表示"除了一部分還有另一部分"
We all failed except him. 我們都失敗了，但他沒(méi)有。
He speaks German besides French.他懂法外還會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。
(5)on ,about 關(guān)于
on 表示這本書(shū)、文章、演說(shuō)是嚴(yán)肅的學(xué)術(shù)性的，供專(zhuān)門(mén)研究這一問(wèn)題的人閱讀;
about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。
例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.
He is writing a book on cooking.
He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
(6)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具;
with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段;
in 表示用…方式，用…語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等;
例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
(7)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在內(nèi);
besides 除……之外，包括在內(nèi)。
例句：Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒(méi)去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
(8)注意成對(duì)介詞的用法：
get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
(9)介詞和名詞動(dòng)詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法：
to one's surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one's way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,arrive at/in(到達(dá)…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充滿(mǎn)/ 裝滿(mǎn)….),be filled with(充滿(mǎn)/ 裝滿(mǎn)….),be good/bad for(對(duì)…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/結(jié)束時(shí)),by the end of(不遲于…/到…末為止),with the help of或with one's help(在…的幫助下),look after(照料…),look for(尋找…),on a bike(=by bike)騎車(chē), help sb. with(幫某人做…),get on (well) with(與某人相處[融洽]),