主語補(bǔ)足語與其他成分的區(qū)別
1、表語(特殊的主補(bǔ))
⑴句子成分:主系表結(jié)構(gòu),特殊主謂結(jié)構(gòu),系動(dòng)詞和表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語
⑵條件:①be動(dòng)詞;②半系動(dòng)詞,注意判斷半系動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
⑶ 組成成分:名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,從句
⑷ 例子:
①數(shù)詞:It is tree。
②名詞:He is a boy。
③代詞:It is her who loves you。
④形容詞:She is beautiful 。
⑤ 副詞(疑問副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、時(shí)間副詞、與介詞同形的副詞、帶有動(dòng)態(tài)性質(zhì)的副詞、其他副詞)
How is your rmother?你母親好嗎?(疑問副詞how,when,where,why作表語)
He isn’t here.他不在那里.(地點(diǎn)副詞here.there.far.abroad,apart,out.ete作表語)
The meeting will be tomorrow.會(huì)議將于明天舉行(時(shí)間副詞today,tomorrow.ago.since.soon,ete作表語)
Is XiaoWuin in?小吳在家嗎?(與介詞同形的副詞about,above.in,by.etr作表語)
I'll be back in a minute. 我一會(huì)兒就回來(帶有動(dòng)態(tài)性質(zhì)性質(zhì)的副詞back(回來),home(回家).away(離開)等作表語)
Is that so? 是那樣嗎?(其他副詞作表語)
⑥介詞短語
I am at home.(at home 是介詞短語作表語)
⑦不定式(①將來的具體動(dòng)作;②主語表語對(duì)稱表?xiàng)l件結(jié)果;③主語為特定詞duty等)
My plan is to do it right now。(to do it 是不定式作表語,①表將來的具體動(dòng)作。②如果主語是不定式(表示條件),表語也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)。 例如:To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。③如果主語是im,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,不定式作表語是對(duì)主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用。 例如:His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.)
⑧動(dòng)名詞(①抽象的一般性行為;②名詞性質(zhì),可與主語對(duì)調(diào)位置,意思正確)
My job is teaching. 我的工作是教書。(teaching是動(dòng)名詞作表語,①表示抽象的一般性的行為②動(dòng)名詞是名詞性質(zhì) ,可與主語互換位置,意思不變且正確)
⑨現(xiàn)在分詞(①形容詞性質(zhì),與主語對(duì)調(diào)位置,意思錯(cuò)誤;②主謂關(guān)系)
My job is interesting. 我的工作很有趣。(interesting是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,①現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞性質(zhì),有的已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征,不可與主語互換,否則意思錯(cuò)誤;②現(xiàn)在分詞與所修飾的詞是主謂關(guān)系,主動(dòng)發(fā)出動(dòng)作)
⑩過去分詞(形容詞性質(zhì),與主語對(duì)調(diào)位置,意思錯(cuò)誤;動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)
My heart is broken 。(broken是過去分詞作表語,①過去分詞是形容詞性質(zhì),有的已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征,不可與主語互換,否則意思錯(cuò)誤;②過去分詞與所修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,被動(dòng)承受動(dòng)作)
11從句
My wish is what you want。
2、普通主補(bǔ)
⑴句子成分:(被動(dòng)語態(tài)下的)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),主謂賓主補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),謂語是及物動(dòng)詞
⑵條件:①及物動(dòng)詞;②被動(dòng)語態(tài);③主語與該部分主謂關(guān)系或主系關(guān)系)
⑶例子:
①數(shù)詞: It can‘t be made two。
②代詞:I can't be made you。
③名詞:He is found a good person。
④形容詞:He was found happy。
⑤副詞:The book was found here。(地點(diǎn)副詞)
⑥介詞短語:The book was found on the desk。
⑦不定式:The book is believed to be uninteresting.
⑧動(dòng)名詞:This is called turning things upside down. 這叫做把事物顛倒了。(turning…說明This是什么,是主語補(bǔ)語)(動(dòng)名詞作主補(bǔ)時(shí),就像名詞作賓補(bǔ)那樣,用來表示主語“是什么”。))
⑨現(xiàn)在分詞:He was found singing。(感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞接現(xiàn)在分詞作主補(bǔ))
10過去分詞:My heart is found broken。
3、定語():
⑴(特殊主謂)主系表中的定語:
She is the right person to teach him。(the right person 是表語,是特殊的主補(bǔ);to teach him 是后置定語,修飾名詞性表語 person;the是定冠詞,和person構(gòu)成表語;right是定語修飾person或者與the 、person一起構(gòu)成表語?)
People wishing to visit that place will be here tomorrow。 (be是系動(dòng)詞;here是表語;will be here 助動(dòng)詞系表構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語;wishing to visit that place 是定語;tomorrow是狀語)
⑵(普通)主謂中的定語:People wishing to visit that place will come here tomorrow.(come是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,是不及物動(dòng)詞‘will come 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語;wishing to visit that place 是定語;here是地點(diǎn)副詞作狀語;tomorrow是時(shí)間副詞作時(shí)間狀語)
⑶主謂賓中的定語:People wishing to visit that place will drink the wine tomorrow.(wishing to visit that place 是定語;drink是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,是及物動(dòng)詞;will drink構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語;the wine 是名詞賓語;tomorrow是時(shí)間副詞作時(shí)間狀語)
4狀語
⑴(特殊主謂)主系表中的狀語:
He is here,tired。(is是系動(dòng)詞;here是地點(diǎn)副詞作表語;is here 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語;tired是伴隨狀語)
⑵(其他)主謂中的狀語:
He came back,tired.(came意為來,此處是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,是不及物動(dòng)詞,單獨(dú)作謂語;back,tired都是狀語,伴隨狀語)
He died old.(die是死亡,是不及物動(dòng)詞,作謂語;old是狀語)
She married young.(marry是結(jié)婚,是不及物動(dòng)詞,作謂語;young是狀語)
Jack walked out of jail a free man。(walked out of jail 兩種理解,此處?、伲簑alk是不及物動(dòng)詞;out of jail是介詞短語作狀語;a free man是狀語)
⑶主謂賓中的狀語:
Happy and excited,he visit her house。(vist是謂語;her house 是賓語;Happy and excited是狀語)
The book was found on the desk in the afternoon 。(in the afternoon是時(shí)間狀語;on the desk 是主語補(bǔ)足語)
The classroom is cleaned by the students。(by the students 是方式狀語)
Jack walked out of jail a free man。(walked out of jail 兩種理解,此處取②:walk out of 是及物動(dòng)詞;jail是名詞作賓語;a free man是狀語)