虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用場(chǎng)合與表達(dá)形式
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在would rather,would(just)as soon,would sooner,would prefer(希望)等后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中。意指某人寧愿讓另一個(gè)人做某事,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做某事,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)做的事,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
(1)The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。
(2)To be frank,I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地說(shuō),我希望你不要卷入這件事。
(3)You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你沒有必要這么著急,我寧愿你先去上班。
(4)I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要就此事發(fā)表意見。
(5)Frankly speaking ,I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說(shuō),我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)此事什么也不要做。
(6)Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床呢?
注:①若某人愿自己做某事, would rather后用動(dòng)詞原形
I would rather stay at home today.
② would rather...than...中用動(dòng)詞原形
I would rather stay at home than go out today.
(7)I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
9.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is +形容詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中。
在某些表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句中,需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其表達(dá)形式為should +動(dòng)詞原形或省略should直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類形容詞有 advisable(合理的),appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)?,compulsory(必須的),crucial(緊急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),incredible(驚人的),natural(自然的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的), probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(緊迫的), vital(極為重要的)。
(1)It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.這些申請(qǐng)表應(yīng)盡早地寄回,這是很重要的。
(2)It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足夠的錢,為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。
注:在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
(3)I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
10.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is +過(guò)去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中
在It is +過(guò)去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求等主觀意向,謂語(yǔ)用 should +動(dòng)詞原形或省略should只用動(dòng)詞原形。這類過(guò)去分詞有:decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested, required等。
It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.希望我們今晚一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。
11.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is +名詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中
在It is +名詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等。這類名詞
有:advice ,decision ,desire ,demand ,idea,motion ,
order,pity ,preference ,proposal,recommendation ,
requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise, wish,wonder等。
It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建議派他去國(guó)外進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。
12.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中。
當(dāng)某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其表達(dá)形式為should +動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。
The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金的建議被每個(gè)人接受。
13.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is(about /high)time +that定語(yǔ)從句中
在It is(about/high)time +that定語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“該做……的時(shí)候了”,其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should +動(dòng)詞原形。
It's already 5 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time we went home?現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)5點(diǎn)鐘了,你不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該回家了嗎?
注:①在this is the first time /second time that...句型中,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?這是你第一次參觀香港嗎?
②It's time to do something有別于It's timethat...
14.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if(as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中。
在as if(as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其動(dòng)詞形式與wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句中的形式相同。
Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾倫談起羅馬來(lái)好像他是個(gè)羅馬人一樣。
15.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest,for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中。
在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由should +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,should也可省略。
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。
16.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法
在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場(chǎng)合中,使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
You shouldn't have been following him so closely; you should have kept your distance.你不應(yīng)該一直這樣緊緊地跟著他,而該和他保持一定的距離。