情態(tài)動詞must的用法
1. 表示義務(wù)、命令或必要
主要用于用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句。具體用法如下:
(1)意為“必須”。如:
Soldiers must obey orders. 軍人必須服從命令。
Something must be done to stop pollution. 必須采取措施來防止污染。(可跟被動語態(tài))
I think I must be going. 我想我得走了。(可跟進行時態(tài))
注:must 和have to 的用法及區(qū)別:
must 和have to 都表示“必須”,有時二者可以通用,如:
I must / have to leave now. 我得走了。
must表示說話人的主觀看法,have to 表示客觀的需要。如:
I feel I must write to thank you for your help. 我覺得我必須寫信感謝你對我的幫助。
It is raining hard. You have to take an umbrella. 雨下得很大,你得帶把傘。
must只有現(xiàn)在時形式;have to有更多時態(tài)。如:
We had to be there at eight. 我們八點鐘必須到那兒。
“You'll have to get off here,” the conductor said. “你得在這里下車了,”售票員說。
must用于賓語從句或間接引語中也可表示過去情況。如:
He said that he must buy a gift for Mary. 他說他必須給瑪麗買個禮物。
She insists that I must do it by myself. 他堅持這事我必須獨立完成。
mustn't表示“禁止”“不許”;表示“不必”時,要用have to的各種形式。如:
You must not go there. 你不準去那兒。
We mustn't smoke here, must we? 我們在這兒絕不能吸煙,是嗎?
We don't have to buy a new radio. 我們不必買新收音機了。
⑤以must開頭的疑問句,肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn't 或don't have to.如:
—Must I do it? 我一定要做這件事嗎?
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.) 是的,一定要做。(不必。)
(2)意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。如:
We must have a discussion about it before making a decision. 再作決定之前我們應(yīng)該討論一下。
You must read the book. 你應(yīng)該讀那本書。
(3)表示必然性。如:
Man must die. 人必有一死。
What must be will be. 注定要發(fā)生的事總要發(fā)生。
(4)表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩,意為“偏要”“偏偏”。如:
Why must she keep on asking? 他干嗎非要問個不停?
We were ready to leave, the neighbor must come and chatter. 我們剛準備好要走, 鄰居偏偏過來聊天。
2. 表示推測
must表示推測通常只用于肯定句,意為“準是”、“一定”,在否定句或疑問句用can。 如:
(1) must+動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測。如:
You must be tired after your long journey. 你走了這么遠的路,一定很累。
It must be true. 那必定是真的。
The man she married must have a lot of money. 她嫁的那個人一定有不少錢。
(2) must+ have+ 動詞的過去分詞,表示對過去事情的推測。如:
We must have taken the wrong road. 我們一定走錯路了。
He must have arrived there. 他必已到達那兒了。
(3) must+ 進行式。
表示對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測。如:
Hurry up! Mother must be waiting anxiously. 快點!媽媽一定等急了。
有時表示“即將┅”,“將要┅”如:
I must be leaving now. 我得走了。.英語語法網(wǎng) www.yingyuyufa.com
有時must+ 進行式用來表示“老是在(干某事)”,如:
Why must you always be finding fault with others? 你為什么老是挑別人的毛病?
(4) must+ 完成進行式,表示“準是一直在┅”如:
Someone must have been smoking here.一定有人一直在這里抽煙。
They are sweating all over, They must have been playing football on the playground. 他們渾身是汗,準時在操場踢足球來著。