前綴 mis- 含義、詞源和同源詞
英：
mis- (1)
prefix meaning "bad, wrong," from O.E. mis-, from P.Gmc. *missa- "divergent, astray" (cf. O.Fris., O.S. mis-, M.Du. misse-, O.H.G. missa-, Ger. miß-, O.N. mis-, Goth. missa-), perhaps lit. "in a changed manner," and with a root sense of "difference, change" (cf. Goth. misso "mutually"), and thus from PIE *mit-to-, from root *mei- "to change" (see mutable); cf. Watkins. Others [Barnhart] see in P.Gmc. *missa- the stem of an ancient past participle, related to O.E. missan "fail to hit" (see miss (v.)), which is from the same PIE root.
Productive as word-forming element in Old English (e.g. mislæran "to give bad advice, teach amiss"). In 14c.-16c. in a few verbs its sense began to be felt as "unfavorably" and was used as an intensive prefix with verbs already expressing negative feeling (e.g. misdoubt). Practically a separate word in Old and early Middle English (and often written as such). Old English also had an adjective (mislic "diverse, unlike, various") and an adverb (mislice "in various directions, wrongly, astray") derived from it, corresponding to Ger. misslich (adj.).
mis- (2)
in mischief, miscreant, etc., represents O.Fr. mes- "bad, badly, wrong, wrongly," from V.L. minus-, from L. minus "less" (see minus), which was not used as a prefix. Perhaps influenced in Old French by *miss-, the Frankish equivalent of mis- (1).
1.misapprehend
v.misunderstand誤會 prehend(=like)
例句：I hope you won't misapprehend our good intentions.我希望您不要誤會我們的好意。
2.mischance
n.bad luck 不幸，不順
例句：The slightest mischance with the weather could jeopardize the entire missinon.哪怕天氣有哪一點點變化，都會危及整個任務(wù)的完成。
3.mischievous
adj.causing mischief;fond of mischief惡意的；淘氣的，惡作劇的
例句：It's hard to believe John could have been so mischievous as a boy.真的難以相信，約翰小時候曾經(jīng)那樣淘氣。
4.misconstruction
n.false or inaccurate interpretation or understanding 誤解，錯誤的說明，曲解 struct(=build)
例句：Many a war has started by a simple misconstruction of another's actions.許多戰(zhàn)爭都是由于誤解一方的行為而引發(fā)的。
5.misconstrue
v.get a wrong idea of somebody's words, acts ,etc.誤解，曲解stru(=build)
例句：Perhaps you misconstrued what he was trying to say to you.也許你誤解了他要告訴你的話。
6.misdemeanor
n.offense less serious than a felony;bad behavior輕罪；惡行 de(=down),mean (=lead)
例句：The records show the man had been arrested for misdemeanors three times before.記錄表膽，這個男人以前曾三次因輕罪被拘留。
7.misgiving
n.feelilng of doubt,suspicion,distrust,etc.(pl.)疑惑，不安，不信
例句：If you have any misgivings about this marriage,I suggest you cancel it.如果你對這樁婚姻存在哪怕一點疑慮，我建議你還是取消它。
8.mishap
n.unlucky accident;bad luck災(zāi)難，不幸
例句：Fortunately the meeting was held without any mishaps.幸運的是，會議進行得很順利，沒有發(fā)生什么意外。
9.mislead
v.lead wrongly誤導(dǎo)
例句：I don't want to mislead you into thinking the job will be easy.我不想誤導(dǎo)你，讓你覺得那份工作很容易。
10.misnomer
n.wrong use of a name or word 誤稱 nom<nomin(=name)
例句：We believe the term "correctional prison" is a misnomer.我們相信“教導(dǎo)所”這個詞是誤稱。