不定冠詞(a / an)用法要點大全
1. 用a 還是用an:一般說來,在輔音或半元音開頭的詞前用a, 而在元音開頭的詞前用an:
The hen laid an egg. 那只母雞生了個雞蛋。
She has an inborn love of jokes. 她天生愛開玩笑。
The child has an upset stomach. 這孩子肚子不舒服。
注意:有些以元音字母開頭的單詞,由于第一個音不是元音而是輔音,其前仍用a而不用an:
He has a university degree in economics. 他取得大學經濟學學位。
Italy is a European country. 意大利是個歐洲國家。
The family lived in a one-room shack. 一家人住在一間簡陋的小屋里。
2. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞若泛指,其前需加a / an, 不要從漢語習慣出發(fā),漏掉此不定冠詞:
伯靈頓拱廊坫倫敦心著名的購物街。
正:Burlington Arcade is a famous shopping place in London.
誤:Burlington Arcade is famous shopping place in London.
4. 專有名詞轉化為普通名詞,其前可用a (an),表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、藝術品等:
There is a Mr Jones to see you, sir. 先生,有一位叫瓊斯的先生要見你。
Let's suppose a Mr So-and-so registers at the hotel. 咱們打個比方吧,有個某某先生來旅館登記。
When he bought the picture he was told it was a Rubens, but he later found out it was a forgery. 有人告訴他那是魯賓斯的畫,但后來他發(fā)現(xiàn)那是贗品。
4. 物質名詞轉化為普通名詞,其前可以使用a (an),有時表示相應產品或種類,有時表示數(shù)量關系:
She knows a good wine when she tastes it. 她只要一嘗就能分辨酒的好壞。
I had a coffee and she had a chocolate. 我喝了一杯咖啡,而她喝了 一杯可可。
5. 在序數(shù)詞之前使用a (an),可以表示數(shù)量或序數(shù)的增加:
Soon I saw a second plane. 不久我又看到了一架飛機。
A:This is the second time that I've read the book. 這是我第二次看這本書。
B:Do you want to read it a third time? 你還想看第三次嗎?
6. 與形容詞的最高級連用,表示“非常”“很”等:
They have embarked on a most interesting new plan. 他們己經著手作一個非常有趣的新計劃。
He thanked his host for a most enjoyable party. 他感謝主人請他參加一個非常愉快的聚會。
Gascoigne had received an offer of help from a most unlikely source. 賈斯昆從最意想不到的渠道獲得資助。
7. 用于修飾名詞的定語前,表示某種狀態(tài)。此時的不定冠詞含有類似a kind of 的意思:
The island has a mild climate. 那個島氣候溫和。
I have a good breakfast and good meal in the evening, and never trouble with lunch. 我有豐盛的早餐和豐盛的晚餐,從不為午飯操心。
He lives in a world of fantasy. 他生活在幻想的世界里。
8. 不定冠詞a (an) 與數(shù)詞one 都可表示“一”,但是兩者有差別:不定冠詞 a (an) 表示“類別”概念,而數(shù)詞 one 表示“數(shù)量”概念:
She has a new baby: it was born last week. 她有一個上周才出生的嬰兒。
She has a woman who cleans for her twice a week. 她有一個女幫工,每星期幫她打掃兩次。
9. 兩個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表示一個整體時,只用一個冠詞:
He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老師又是詩人。
There's a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一輛馬車。
10. 與副詞quite / rather 連用時,a (an) 一般要后置,但若其后的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則 a (an) 放在 quite / rather 之前或之后均可以:
正:He is rather a fool. 他是個大傻瓜。
正:It is quite a good book. 那是本很好的書。
正:It is a quite good book. 那是本很好的書。
誤:He is a rather fool.(因為名詞前無形容詞,所以錯誤)
11. 當too, so, as, how 等詞之后接有“形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”時,不定冠詞 a (an) 應放在形容詞和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之間:
It is too difficult a book for us beginners. 這本書對我們初學者來說太難了。
She is as good a cook as her mother. 她和她媽媽一樣是一位好廚師。
No one realized how serious a mistake it was until much later. 直到后來好久,才有人意識到那是一個多么嚴重的錯誤。
12. 不定冠詞可用來表示“類屬”,這是其基本用法,它表明的是某一類屬中的每一個人和東西都能說明該類屬的整體情況(有類似漢語的“舉一反三”或“以此類推”的含義)。此時也可用定冠詞或名詞復數(shù)形式來表示:
馬是有用的動物。
正:A horse is a useful animal.
正:The horse is a useful animal.
正:Horses are useful animals. (英語語法網)
若不是說明每一個人和東西的情況,而是說整個類屬,則不能用不定冠詞,而要用定冠詞(此時多與“發(fā)明”“絕種”這樣的意義相聯(lián)系):
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亞歷山大·格雷漢母·貝爾于1876年發(fā)明了電話。
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有絕種的危險。