if類省略結(jié)構(gòu)詳解
一、if從句省略“主語(yǔ)+be”
若if從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致,且if從句的主語(yǔ)后跟有動(dòng)詞be,那么通??梢允÷詉f從句的“主語(yǔ)+be”。如:
If accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.= If you are accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week. 如果你被接受擔(dān)任這個(gè)職務(wù),將在一禮拜內(nèi)給你通知。
If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.=If you are traveling north, you must change at Leeds. 如果你是向北行,你必須在里茲換車。
If in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information.=If you are in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information. 你若有疑問(wèn),可以問(wèn)問(wèn)醫(yī)生,他會(huì)向你作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明。
If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night's sleep.= If you are about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night's sleep. 如果你要長(zhǎng)途旅行,晚上就好好睡一覺(jué)吧。
二、慣用表達(dá)歸納及用法舉例
1. if any 即使有(任何)……,即使有……
Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有錯(cuò)誤就請(qǐng)訂正。
There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 當(dāng)今記得他的人,如有的話,也不多了。
2. if anything 如果有什么……的話
If anything, she works too hard. 要說(shuō)的話呢,就是她工作太辛苦了。
I'm not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised. 我沒(méi)有生氣。如果說(shuō)我有什么反應(yīng)的話,那就是我感到有些驚訝。
3. if anybody (anyone) 若有(任何)人的話
If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道,那就是他了。
4. if ever (即使有……也)極少,難得
He seldom if ever travels abroad. 他到國(guó)外旅行,即使有過(guò),也是極少的。
He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不會(huì),即使有也很少,單獨(dú)去看電影的。
5. if necessary 如果有必要的話
I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早點(diǎn)來(lái)。
If necessary, Jim might shorten it. 如果有必要,吉姆可以把它縮短。
6. if not 假如不是這樣的話;不然的話;否則
I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it'll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就在周六。
Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time? 問(wèn)問(wèn)她那個(gè)時(shí)間方便不方便。要是不方便的話,那她可不可以提出一個(gè)可行的時(shí)間???
有時(shí)not還可修飾另一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)。如:
This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. 這是城里最古老的建筑之一,如果不是最古老的話。
His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 他的發(fā)音如果說(shuō)不算好,至少也還過(guò)得去。
7. if possible 如果可能的話
If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能,可在事前通知我。
If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能,我希望明年夏天去。
8. if so 假如這樣的話
They think she may try to phone. If so, someone must stay here. 他們認(rèn)為她可能來(lái)電話。要是這樣的話,就得有人守在這兒。
Inflation may be rising, if so, prices will go up. 通貨膨漲率可能上升,如果是這樣,物價(jià)就會(huì)上漲。
注意以下if so與if not連用的情形:
Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? 您要再住一晚嗎? 如果是這樣,我們可以給您提供條件更好一點(diǎn)的房間。如果不是,您能在12點(diǎn)前離開(kāi)這房間嗎?
三、一點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明
if省略結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)不表示條件,而表示讓步。如:
It's possible, if (it is) difficult. 這事雖難,但有可能辦到。
His style, if (it is) simple, is pleasant to read. 他的風(fēng)格盡管單一,但讀起來(lái)令人愉快。