代詞(that, it,one等的區(qū)別)
代詞one, it,that的用法在歷屆高考題中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)實(shí)踐在此談?wù)勊鼈兊囊恍┚唧w用法,希望能對(duì)同學(xué)們有一定的幫助。
籠統(tǒng)地說(shuō),it指代的是同類(lèi)同物,that指代的是同類(lèi)異物,one指的是上下文中提到的同類(lèi)事物中的一個(gè)。以下是具體的區(qū)別:
1.one, it, that常常用來(lái)代替或避免重復(fù)某個(gè)名詞。例如:
①I(mǎi)'m looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.
②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.
③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.
2.one可指人或物,只替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)用ones. One是泛指,但有限定修飾語(yǔ),如the, this, that…修飾就變成了特指。如:
①One must do one's duty.
②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.
③The new designs are much better than the old ones.
3.that只指物,不指人,可替代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,具有“特指”性質(zhì)。指的是同類(lèi)事物中的另一樣?xùn)|西,即同類(lèi)異物。如:The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一個(gè)圖書(shū)館。)
4.One 和that 在代替可數(shù)名詞時(shí),如果沒(méi)有前置定語(yǔ)只有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),the one 和that可互換。但該名詞如有前置定語(yǔ),則只能用the one,而不能用that。簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō),就是one相當(dāng)于an/a+名詞,that相當(dāng)于the+名詞。例如:
①I(mǎi) will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那個(gè)座位旁邊。
②I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替換 )。
5.That的復(fù)數(shù)形式those代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)??芍溉嘶蛭铮话愫竺娓揎椪Z(yǔ)。如:
①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past.
②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.
6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名詞做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞which在that之后,which不能省略,而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如:
①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.
7.代替不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),應(yīng)該用that。如:The equipment is different from that.
8.it代替上文所提到的名詞時(shí),是指同類(lèi)事物中的同一樣?xùn)|西,即同類(lèi)事物。如:I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it.
9.it和that可代替前面整個(gè)句子的意思,而one卻不能;that可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,代替某個(gè)先行詞(單復(fù)數(shù)名詞均可),it和one則不能;it可代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句,用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,而one和that則不能。