前綴ex-,e-,ef-,ec-詞源、意思和例詞
下面重點(diǎn)看一下ex-的主要意思“out”。
1.在外邊,向外
expressly, elucidate, expedite
2.向上,伸展地
elated, extol, elongate
3.盡,沒(méi)有了地,火滅了地
extinct, effete
4.挑選,捏出,拔出
emend, effigy
5.去除,擺脫,使分離
expurgate, exorbitant, extenuate
6.徹底地,完全地,到最終,到最后,大聲地,聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)地
extant, edict
7.表強(qiáng)調(diào)[非常,用力]
exalt, efficacious, exhort
另外,前綴ex-還會(huì)出現(xiàn)輔音字母同化和輔音字母脫落等變形現(xiàn)象。
1.E(在輔音字母b,d,g.j.I,m,n,r,v之前]
ebullition, editorial, egregious, ejection, eligible, emanate, enervate, eradicate,evacuation
2.EF(在輔音字母f之前]
efficiency, effeminate
3、EC(在輔音字母c,l,s,t,z之前]
eccentric, eclectic, ecstasy, appendectomy, eczema
4.ES(在輔音字母c之前]
escort, escapism
5.EX(ex之后的輔音字母s脫落]
ex( s)piration, ex(s)tirpate, ex(s)istence
此外,前綴ex-還有一些同義前綴out-,
例詞:
1.emit [(e<ox (=out) +mit (=send)向外寄送]
vt. give off.send or send out; signal; issue paper money.etc. 散發(fā)光、熱、聲音、味道等,發(fā)出,發(fā)射;發(fā)出信號(hào);發(fā)行紙幣等
emission 發(fā)射;紙幣發(fā)行 emissary 使者,密使
舉例: Smoke detectors emit a waming sound when the battery is low.
當(dāng)電池電量低時(shí),煙霧報(bào)警器會(huì)發(fā)出警告聲。
2.enumerate [(e<ex( =out) +numer( =number)徹底地?cái)?shù)、列舉)]
vt. count a list of articles naming them one by one 逐一清點(diǎn),列舉
enumeration 逐一清點(diǎn),列舉;細(xì)目,目錄,一覽表
舉例: The teacher enumerated the pupil's mistakes before punishing him
老師在懲罰那個(gè)學(xué)生之前先逐一列舉了他所犯的錯(cuò)。
3.evoke [(e<ex( =out, up) +vok/
vt. call forth or summon a spirit, etc; draw forth or elicit a particular mental image reaction, etc. 招出靈魂等;引起,喚起 evocation 喚出,喚起
evocative 喚出的,喚起的
舉例: That song evokes pleasant high school memories for me.
那首歌喚起了我中學(xué)時(shí)的美好回憶。
4.exalt [(ex( =out, intensive) +alt( =high)使上得非常高]
vt. make higher in status, power, dignity, honor, wealth, etc., praise highly; lift
someone up 提高或提升地位、權(quán)力、品位、名譽(yù)、財(cái)膏等;贊揚(yáng);使喜悅,使得意洋洋 exaltation 提高,晉升;贊揚(yáng);得意洋洋 exalted 有品位的,高貴的
舉例:Vice Presidents are sometimes suddenly exalted to the Presidency by assassinations. 副總統(tǒng)偶爾會(huì)因暗殺事件而突然晉升為總統(tǒng)。
5.expend [(ex( =out) +pend( =pay,weigh)支付以使某物完盡、沒(méi)有了]
vt. sth+on+sth spend; use up 使用,消費(fèi);消耗,用光 expenditure 支出,經(jīng)費(fèi)
expense費(fèi)用,支出;犧牲 expensive 昂貴的 expendable可花費(fèi)的
舉例: About 28% of the library's annual budget is expended on new acquisitions.
那家圖書(shū)館年預(yù)算中的28%左右都用來(lái)購(gòu)置新書(shū)。
6.expressly [(ex (=out) +press (=press)下壓擠出外邊]
adv.definitely, plainly; specially,on purpose 明白地,清楚地;特別地,故意地
express 表達(dá),表示;快遞;明白的,明示的;快遞的,快速的;快車(chē),快件;捷運(yùn)公司 expression 表達(dá);措辭;表情 expressionism 表現(xiàn)主義 expressive 表現(xiàn)的,顯示的 expressionless 無(wú)表情的,無(wú)表達(dá)的
舉例: The web site was oxpreuly created to support recently widowed women.
那家網(wǎng)站是為支持那些近來(lái)失去丈夫的女性們特別創(chuàng)建的。
7.extinc [(ex( =out) +tinct<stinct(=prick)用針剌使變沒(méi)有了]
adj. no longer in existence, having died out;no longer buming, no longer active不再存在的;消亡了的,絕種的(滅絕的);(火)熄滅的,不再活躍的
extinction 消滅,絕種;(火)熄滅,廢止 extinguisher 滅火器 extinguish 熄滅(火),使消滅
舉例: Hundreds of insect species become extinct each year.
每年都有數(shù)百種昆蟲(chóng)滅絕。
8.extort [(ex( =out) +tort( =twist)扭曲使出來(lái)]
vt. sth+from+sb obtain money, etc. from someone by threats, force, etc; exact;wrest 敲詐錢(qián)財(cái)?shù)?;?qiáng)求約定、坦白等;強(qiáng)取,搶奪 extortion 強(qiáng)求,搶奪,官員的勒索錢(qián)財(cái)罪 extortionate 價(jià)格過(guò)于昂貴的,要求
過(guò)高的
舉例: The Mafioso extorted money from an old widow to pay her husband's debt.
那個(gè)黑手黨成員從一個(gè)老寡婦那里敲詐錢(qián)替她丈夫還了債。
9.eject [(e<ex( =out) +ject( =throw)向外扔]
vt. compel somebody to leave a place; send out liquid, etc. 攆出,驅(qū)逐;噴射液體等,排出 ejection 攆出,排 ecjector 驅(qū)逐者,排出器
舉例: After committing 5 fouls,a basketball player is electod from the game.
籃球選手犯規(guī)五次就要被罰下賽場(chǎng)。
10. elongate [(e<ex( =out) +long( =long)使伸展得長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)地]
v. make or become long in space 使伸長(zhǎng),拉長(zhǎng),變長(zhǎng) elongation 伸長(zhǎng),延長(zhǎng)
舉例: Pull on soft water taffy to elongate it as it cools.
當(dāng)軟水太妃糖冷卻的時(shí)候用力拉它可使它變長(zhǎng)。