前綴pro-(pur-,por-,prod-,pr-) 的詞源、含義和例詞
來源：
漢：
前綴pro-來自拉丁介副詞pro，意為“forward,forth（向前）或out（出）”，還有“in favour of,in place of"等含義。作為原生詞綴pro- 只與拉丁詞根相結(jié)合，其讀音為/pr?/或/pr?/。pro- 后來也被英語同化為派生詞綴，能與名詞相結(jié)合，表示in favour of （親，贊成）或in place of （代副）的意思。對名詞起修飾作用，這時pro- 讀音為/pr?u/。
英：
word-forming element meaning "forward, forth, toward the front" (as in proclaim, proceed); "beforehand, in advance" (prohibit, provide); "taking care of" (procure); "in place of, on behalf of" (proconsul,pronoun); from Latin pro "on behalf of, in place of, before, for, in exchange for, just as," which also was used as a prefix.
Also in some cases from cognate Greek pro "before, in front of, sooner," which also was used in Greek as a prefix (as in problem). Both the Latin and Greek words are from PIE *pro- (cognates: Sanskrit pra-
"before, forward, forth;" Gothic faura "before," Old English fore "before, for, on account of," fram "forward, from;" Old Irish roar "enough"), extended form of root *per- (1) "forward, through" (see per).
The common modern sense "in favor of, favoring" (pro-independence, pro-fluoridation, pro-Soviet, etc.) was not in classical Latin and is attested in English from early 19c.
根據(jù)不同的意思整理如下。
I． FOREWARD
1.向前
proclivity, provoke, proponent
II. FORTH
1.向前
profuse, prominent, prolong
III. BEFORE
1.先前,提前 ,首先
prosecute, proficient, propitious
IV. FOR, ACCORDING TO, IN PLACE OF
1．贊同…，支持…
pro and con, pro-American
2．跟隨…
proportion, proportionalism
3．代替…
pronoun, proconsul
另外，前綴PRO還有如下幾種變形。
1．PUR [在輔音字母c，p，s，v前]
purchase, purport, pursue, purvey
2．POR [在輔音字母t前]
portrait
3．PROD [在元音字母前]
prodigal prodigious
4．PR [在元音字母前o脫落]
prudent
1.prosecute [(pro( =before) +secut（=follow）事先追蹤行跡]
vt. start legal proceedings against; continue a business,a task,etc.起訴，告發(fā)；從事，經(jīng)營
prosecution 起訴，告發(fā)；從事；(the～堪防(原告),檢察當(dāng)局
prosecutor 檢察官；起訴人
舉例： The DA decided not to prosecute the young man, as it was his first offense.
鑒于那個年輕人是首次犯法，地方檢察官決定不起訴他了。
2.procure [( pro ( =before) +
vt. obtain with care or effort; bring about; obtain women for the purpose of prostitution 得到，獲得；引起，招致；介紹妓女
procurement 獲得，采辦 procurer 拉皮條者 procuress 老鴇 procurator 代訴人 procurable 可獲得的；可實現(xiàn)的
舉例： My fiance procured a string quarter to play when he proposed.
我未婚夫向我求婚的時候，動用了一個弦樂四重奏樂團。
3.proficient [(pro(=before) +
adj. skilled 嫻熟的，熟練的
n. a person who has skill in some special thing 能手，大師，名家
proficiency n. 嫻熟，熟練
舉例：I wouldn't say l'm a great saxophone player-l'm just barely proticlent
我不能說我是薩克斯演奏家，我只是吹得比較嫻熟而已。
4.prolong [(pro( =forth) +
vt. make longer 延長，拉長；拖長音節(jié)等的發(fā)音
prolongation 延長，延期 prolonged 持續(xù)很久的
舉例： We didn't want to prolong our dog's suffering, so we put him to
我們不想讓狗繼續(xù)受苦，所以讓它永眠了。
5.prominent [(pro( =fotlh) +min( =project)向前突出]
adj. easily seen; eminent, distinguished; standing out 顯眼的，顯著的；卓越的，著名的；突出的，突起的
prominence 突出，顯著；卓越，著名
舉例： My uncle is a prominent member of the city council.
我的叔叔是著名的市議會議員。
6.prudent [(pr<pro(=before) +ud<vid( =look)先看）
adj. acting only after careful thought or planning, careful, wise, sensible 慎重的，小心的；明智的，精明的
prudence 慎重 prudential 慎重的，小心的；深謀遠慮的
舉例： It would be prudent to wait until you've saved more money to buy the car.
等你多攢一點錢再買車，這樣會比較明智。
7.proclaim [(pro(=forth) +claim( =cry)向前喊]
vt. make known publicly or officially; reveal; show 宣布，公布，聲明；顯露；顯示
proclamation 宣布，公布，發(fā)布；宣言
舉例： The mayor proclaimed this as"Be Nice To Your Secretary Week".
市長宣布這個星期是“善待秘書周”。
8.prodigal [(prod<pro(=forth)+ig( =drive)向前趕]
adj. wasteful; too free in giving or spending; abundant 浪費的；慷慨的，揮霍的；豐富的
prodigality 揮霍，浪費 prodigally 浪費地，揮霍地
舉例： My father's prodigal spending left him bankrupt after a few years.
我父親過著奢侈的生活，沒幾年就破產(chǎn)了。
9.prodigious [prod<pro( =before) +ig<ag( =saying)事先作為諺語、格言流傳下來的]
adj. enormous,surprisingly great; beyond what is ordinary; wonderful 巨大的；非凡的；驚人的
prodigy 奇跡，奇事；非凡的人，天才
舉例：A prodigious thunderstorm rolled in and buckets of rain dropped.
一場大暴風(fēng)雨席卷而來，傾盆而下。
10.promontory [pro( =forth) +mont<mount( =hill,rise)向前突出的山坡]
n. high point of land standing out from the coastline; headland 海角；岬
舉例： Comet Point is a small promontory of land jutting into the Pacific.
彗星角是一個伸向太平洋的小海角。
11.protuse [(pro( =forth) +fus( =pour)向前傾倒]
adj. very plentiful or abundant; lavish or extravagant; giving generously 很多的，豐富的；浪費的，奢侈的；毫不吝惜的，豪爽的，慷慨的
profusion 豐富；慷慨；浪費，奢侈 profusely 毫不吝嗇地；豐富地
舉例： The profuse stand of Douglas fir trees perfumes the air with pine scent.
密密麻麻的花旗松使周圍空氣中彌漫著松香。
12.proponent [(pro(=forward,forth)+pon (=put)向前放、提出]
n. person who proposes something 提議者，發(fā)起者
propound 提議，提出 proposition 提案，計劃
舉例：I've always been a proponent of gun control.
我一直都提議管制槍支。
13.profess [(pro( =forth) +fess( =say)在眾人面前吐露]
vt. make a public declaration of; claim falsely; have something as one's profession 公開宣稱；自稱，冒充，假裝；把…作為職業(yè)
profession 職業(yè)；宣布 professionalism 專家氣質(zhì)，職業(yè)選手的氣質(zhì) professor 教授 professional 職業(yè)的，專家的；職業(yè)選手，專家，內(nèi)行 professed 公然的；冒充的 professionally 職業(yè)地，專業(yè)地 professedly公
然地；冒充地
舉例：The president professes confidence in the nation's economic recovery.
總統(tǒng)公開表示了對國家經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的信心。
14.protrude [ pro( =forth) +trud/trus( =thrust)向前推]
v. stick out or project 推出去，伸出，使突出
protrusion 伸出,突出，突起 protrusive 伸出的，突出的；惹眼的
舉例： The lavatory protrudes 22 inches from the bathroom wall.
洗臉池從洗手間墻壁土突出來22英寸。
15.provoke [pro（=forward,forth）+vok/voc( =call)事先叫喊]
vt. make angry; bring about; incite; arouse 令人生氣；誘發(fā)；刺激…使發(fā)生；引起感情等
provocation 令人生氣，挑撥 provocative 令人生氣的，刺激的 provoking 激怒的
舉例： My words provoked her so much that she stopped speaking to me.
我的話惹怒了她，所以她不再跟我說話了。
16.prognosticate [(pro(=before)+gno (=know)事先、提前知道]
vt.foretell or predict especially from signs or indications 預(yù)言，預(yù)知，預(yù)測
prognosis 預(yù)后（對疾病發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的預(yù)見） prognostication 預(yù)測，預(yù)言，預(yù)知；前兆；征候 prognosticator 預(yù)言家，預(yù)測者 prognostic 預(yù)后的，表現(xiàn)出征兆的；前兆的；預(yù)測，預(yù)后
舉例：The meteorologists are prognosticating the hurricane's arrival for tomorrow morning.
氣象學(xué)家預(yù)測明天早晨臺風(fēng)會到達。
17.prolific [pro(=forlh) +l<al( =nourish) 給予養(yǎng)分使之向前]
adj. producing many young or much fruit; turning out many products of the mind;fruitful, abounding 鄉(xiāng)產(chǎn)的；作品多的；豐饒的；豐富的
舉例： James Michener was one of the most prolific modern novelists.
詹姆斯·米切納是最多產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)代小說家之一。
18.propensity [(pro( =forth) +pens（=hang, weigh, pay）向前懸掛]
n. a natural inclination or tendency 傾向，癬性，習(xí)性
舉例：I have a propensity to tap my fingers when I'm nervous.
我有個習(xí)慣，緊張的時候會輕叩手指。
19.proffer [( pr<pro (=forward) +of <ob (=toward) +fer（=carry）朝著某個東西向前輸送]
vt. offer something intangible 提供,提議
n. offer 提供，提議
舉例： We proffered our services as house painters to all our neighbors that summer.
那年夏天我們主動幫所有的鄰居粉刷了房子。
20.propitious [(pro(=before, forward) +pit<pet( =seek) 為了事先求得、獲得而費心思]
adj. favorable; well-disposed 頗利的，有利的，形勢有利的；善意的，善良的
舉例： Economic conditions are propitious for starting a new business now.
現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟狀況有利于開始新的生意。
21.proclivity [(pro( =forward) +cliv( =bend)向前彎曲）]
n. a natural or habitual tendancy,or inclination especially toward something discreditable 傾向，癖性，習(xí)性
舉例： Don't believe everything she says; she has aproclivity for exaggeration.
不要完全相信她的話，她喜歡夸大其詞。
22.proscribe [(pro (=before) + scrib ( =write)事先寫)]
vt. forbid someone to do something; put outside the protection of the law; force someone to go away 禁止；剝奪公權(quán)；放逐
proscription 剝奪公權(quán)：放逐；禁止
舉例： The state senate proscribed an expiration date on welfare benefits.
州議院禁止對福利收益設(shè)置截止期限。
23.protege(pro( =before) +teg<tect( =cover,hide)事先藏好、遮蓋、保護]
n. a person who is under the protection of another 被保護者；門徒
舉例： Mr. Higgins treated me as his protege during my first years with the firm.
在我來公司的前幾年，希金斯先生一直把我當(dāng)成他的門徒。
24.purport [(pur<pro( =forth) +port（=carry）向前輸送]
n. general meaning or intention of something said or written 意義，主旨，要旨
vt. mean, imply; claim 意味，大意是…；聲稱，號稱
舉例：A recently announced dietary supplement purports to cure snoring.
據(jù)稱，最近公布的膳食補給品可以治療打鼾。
25.purview [(pur<pro( =forth) +view( =look)向前展望]
n. range of operation or activity; range of sight or understanding; the body and scope of an act or bill 苑圍；視野；見識；要項，條款
舉例： The program's purview extends to all persons who reside in on-campus housing.
這個項目涉及在校園內(nèi)居住的所有人的利益。